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By ANITA SNOW
.c The Associated Press
SANTIAGO, Cuba
(AP) - Pope John Paul II today delivered the most direct political message yet
in his pilgrimage to Cuba, advocating freedom of expression and of association
for the island's people.
Making the last provincial stop of his 5-day visit, the pope emphasized the
church's prominent role in Cuban history and said Catholics had "the duty
and the right to participate in public debate.''
"The good of a nation must be promoted and achieved by its citizens
themselves,'' he said in a homily given during a service in Santiago, 530 miles
east of Havana. "In this way each person, enjoying freedom of expression,
... and enjoying appropriate freedom of association, will be able to cooperate
effectively in the pursuit of the common good.''
Among those who attended the open-air Mass was Raul Castro, Cuban President
Fidel Castro's brother and designated successor.
Tens of thousands turned out for the Mass in Santiago, a center of Cuban
nationalism, for a Mass dedicated to Cuba's patron saint and potent symbol of
patriotism, the Virgin of Charity.
Before the pope's homily, Santiago Archbishop Pedro Meurice, in an unusually
blunt allusion to Cuba's one-party system, criticized "Cubans who have
confused patriotism with a party.''
A strong sun beat down on a breezy, 84-degree day, and the crowd chanted "John
Paul, our brother, now you are a Cuban!''
"All of the (pope's) Masses are special, but this one is super
special'' because the city's history, as birthplace of a famous general in
Cuba's independence war, Antonio Maceo, said Armando Artime, 61.
On the fourth day of his historic first visit to Cuba, the pope was visiting
leprosy and AIDS patients at a shrine and clinic on Havana's outskirts.
At stop after stop, addressing young parents, country kids, the cultural
elite in Havana, John Paul has returned to the same theme on his groundbreaking
visit: Cuba needs Roman Catholic education.
In a land where Catholic schools have been closed for more than three
decades, the school "option'' is emerging as a goal the church apparently
hopes is achievable in some way under a liberalizing communist system.
Cuban President Fidel Castro told four visiting U.S. congressmen late Friday
that the pope's visit "was good for the country and that there would be a
growth of all kinds of religion'' in Cuba, Rep. Joe Moakley, a Massachusetts
Democrat said today.
Moakley the meeting with Castro lasted about two hours, and he described the
Cuban leader as "kind of laid back.''
The pope took his message Friday evening to the neoclassical halls of the
University of Havana.
In sonorous, thickly accented Spanish, the pontiff told a gathering of
leading academics, writers and other intellectuals, including President Fidel
Castro, that Cuban "cultural institutions'' - clearly meaning universities
- should work with the church in a "fruitful cultural dialogue.''
Reminding his listeners that this premier Cuban university, Castro's alma
mater, was founded by the church's Dominican order, he said its roots show "its
vocation to be a fountain of wisdom and freedom, an inspiration to faith and
justice.''
But Castro already has let the pope know, in public, of his distaste for
Catholic education. And his culture minister flatly rules it out.
The climax comes Sunday morning, when the pope celebrates Mass in Havana's
Plaza of the Revolution, offering Holy Communion in a vast space flanked by
towering images of communist revolutionary hero Ernesto "Che'' Guevara and
the Sacred Heart - a temporary nine-story portrait of Christ.
"I haven't been to Mass in many years. Many years,'' craggy-faced
retiree Felicito Gonzalez, 74, told a reporter as he waited for a bus in Havana.
"But I'll be there Sunday. The whole city will be there.''
The pope began Friday with an open-air Mass dedicated to Cuban youth in
Camaguey, a city on Cuba's central plain. An estimated 50,000 people attended,
including thousands of young people bused in from country towns.
In his homily, John Paul declared that a Catholic education would aid in the
"sowing of virtue and spirituality for the good of the church and of the
nation.''
He first raised the issue in a sermon on the family Thursday, scolding the
government for having deprived parents of the choice to send their children to
religious schools. The government does not have "the right to take the
place of parents,'' he said.
Like the church itself, Catholic schools before Castro's 1959 revolution did
not have deep and extensive roots through Cuban society. They were primarily
havens for a white elite in a mostly mulatto and black nation.
After the revolution, many upper-class families left the country, the church
hierarchy openly resisted Castro's socialist changes, and the new government
ordered a halt to Catholic education. Today, only catechism classes on church
grounds are allowed.
In recent years, Castro has loosened some strictures on religion. Cuban
churchmen now clearly consider achieving more "space'' in education a key
to building a broader following for a weak church. Although perhaps 40 percent
of Cubans are baptized Catholics, probably no more than 5 percent attend Mass
regularly.
As he often does, the pope spoke only in the most general terms about the
values of a Catholic education, making no specific demands.
In his "World of Culture'' address on the university campus Friday
evening, he seemed to raise his aim higher, to instilling Catholic values at the
level of higher education.
"The church and the cultural institutions of the nation need to meet in
dialogue and so work together to develop Cuban culture,'' he said.
Just Wednesday, at the pope's arrival ceremony, Castro pointedly raised his
own memories of a Catholic education - of how, he said, he was taught
intolerance for other religions, and of how he would ask his teachers why no
black children attended the schools.
"I have not forgotten the unconvincing answers I was given,'' Castro
told the pope.
In an interview this week with The Associated Press, Cuba's culture
minister, Abel Prieto, addressed the issue more directly, saying the government
considers education something that "strategically we have to maintain under
state control.''
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